An electric motor is an electromechanical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy; That is, on connecting it to a suitable power source, it starts rotating, due to which the machine or device connected to it also starts rotating. That is, it works in reverse of an electric generator which takes mechanical energy to produce electrical energy. Some motors also act as both a motor or a generator under different conditions.
Electric motors are a means of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The electric motor is an important indicator of industrial progress. This is a very simple and very useful machine. There is hardly any purpose in industries for which suitable electric motor cannot be selected.
Invented of electric motor --- William Sturgeon, Emily Davenport, Thomas Davenport, Michael Faraday.
working principle of motor-
The basic purpose of electric motors is to produce relative motion (ie applying force/torque against an external force/torque and to make linear motion/rotational motion) between stator and rotor by generating electromagnetic force/torque. In this way, electric motor does mechanical work by taking electrical energy.
Use of Electric motor-
As we have mentioned above that we use electric motor for many work only. That's why we can see the electric motor in most of the machines that are used in our homes.
There is a prime mover in any electric motor. Which rotates with the help of coils. Most of the machines which are run by electricity, electric motor is used in them. The main reason for this is that the efficiency of the electric motor is higher than that of other motors. The performance of the electric motor in companion is also better than them. It is quite easy to operate an electric motor, such as turning off the motor, changing the speed of the motor, remote control, etc.
Electric motor can be used for many purposes. In today's modern era, they are also used in large scale industries to small scale domestic industries (cottage industry). Apart from this, electric motors are also used in agriculture, for plowing fields, for sowing and harvesting crops, in pumps for irrigation.
Even in your home, many things work only on the electric motor. As there must be fans in your house, fans also run on electric motor. Apart from this mixer grinder, water pump, computer etc.
Apart from this, the electric motor is also used in many works. These are converted into smaller sizes and used in many machinery items.
Types of Electric motor-
Electric motors are classified into different types on the basis of their use and the current flowing through it. Because of this, we simply divide it into two types 1. Direct current motor (DC motor) 2. Alternate current motor (AC motor) Most of the motors know these two types, but today when so much modern technology has been developed. Because of this, their classification has weakened. As universal motor can run on both types of DC and AC electricity.
Also we can classify electric motor into two parts Synchronous and asynchronous. The rotator used in synchronous rotates with the same angular speed as the magnetic field that the alternating current moves through the motor. But the rotor of the same asynchronous rotates at a slower speed than this. So let us know in which parts the electric motor is classified.
1.The following electric motors can also be classified under DC motor.
● Series motor
●Shunt motor
● compound motor
2. Universal motor – This is actually a series motor, which can be driven by both AC and DC power. For example, the motor of a mixer grinder used in homes is a universal motor.
3. Induction motor – This type of motor is most commonly used. In this, induction current is used to rotate the rotor. For this reason it is also called industry work house. The funniest thing is that the rotator in it does not wear out so fast, due to running on induction current, they can be used for many days. It doesn't spoil too quickly.
In many machines used in your homes, the question of induction motor is asked. Such as electric fan, washing machine etc.
4. Synchronous motor – There are 3 phases in this type of motor. But nowadays this type of motor is used very rarely. The main purpose behind using this type of motor is that it makes you good power factor. Such motors do not start on their own. Separate sources are needed to start them.
This type of synchronous motor is also called alternator. It is also used to generate electricity in vehicles. Apart from this, it is used to generate electric power around the world.
5. Series motor – The use of this type of motor has started in today's era. You can see Mishra's motors in trains.
6. Stepper motor – This type of motor is used for position control and speed control. They are installed in such machines which can be controlled digitally or with the help of remote control.
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